List of Islamic Countries اسلامی ممالک
60 Muslim-majority countries and OIC member states with capital, population, Muslim share, languages, currency and facts.
This list brings together the countries of the Muslim world: every country where Muslims form the majority of the population (50% or more), together with every member state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The OIC, founded in 1969 after the arson attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque, is the second-largest intergovernmental organisation after the United Nations, with 57 member states spread across four continents. A few OIC members (for example Gabon, Uganda, Cameroon, Togo, Benin, Guyana, Suriname and Mozambique) have Muslim minorities but joined the organisation because of their historic and cultural ties with the Muslim world. Countries with a Muslim majority that are not OIC members (such as Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina) are included as well, and large Muslim communities living as minorities in countries like India, China, Russia and Ethiopia are listed separately.
Population and percentage figures are approximate estimates compiled from Pew Research Center, the CIA World Factbook, World Population Review, UN population data and national censuses (mostly 2020–2024). Many countries do not record religion in their census, and figures from different sources can vary by several percentage points, so please treat every number as an estimate rather than an official statistic. Notes on schools of law (madhhab), languages and weekends are general descriptions and do not cover every community in a country.
🇦🇫Afghanistan افغانستانKabul · 42.5 M Muslims (99.7%)OIC
| Region | South Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 42.6 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Dari (Persian), Pashto |
| Currency | Afghan afghani (AFN) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanafi (Sunni), Shia minority (approx. 10–15%) |
| Independence | 1919 (from British influence) |
| Weekend | Thu afternoon–Fri |
- Historic centres of Islamic learning at Herat, Balkh and Ghazni; Balkh was the birthplace of Jalaluddin Rumi.
- The Friday Mosque of Herat and the Blue Mosque of Mazar-i-Sharif are famous for their tilework.
- Afghanistan is an OIC founding member and almost entirely Muslim.
🇦🇱Albania البانیہTirana · 1.5 M Muslims (55.0%)OIC
| Region | Europe |
|---|---|
| Population | 2.8 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Albanian |
| Currency | Albanian lek (ALL) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni); Bektashi Sufi community |
| Independence | 1912 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1992 and the only Muslim-majority country in the European Union's candidate group; estimates of Muslims range from approx. 50% to 60%.
- The Et'hem Bey Mosque in Tirana (1820s) survived the communist era; the Namazgah (Great) Mosque of Tirana opened in 2024 as the largest in the Balkans.
- Albania is the world headquarters of the Bektashi order.
🇩🇿Algeria الجزائرAlgiers · 45.7 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 46.2 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic, Tamazight; French widely used |
| Currency | Algerian dinar (DZD) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); small Ibadi community in Mzab |
| Independence | 1962 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Djamaa el Djazaïr (Great Mosque of Algiers), opened 2019, has the world's tallest minaret at 265 m and is Africa's largest mosque.
- Tlemcen was a historic centre of Maliki scholarship; Emir Abdelkader was a scholar and Sufi as well as a resistance leader.
🇦🇿Azerbaijan آذربائیجانBaku · 9.9 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 10.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Azerbaijani |
| Currency | Azerbaijani manat (AZN) |
| Schools of thought | Shia majority (approx. 60–65%); Sunni (Hanafi/Shafi'i) approx. 35% |
| Independence | 1991 (first republic 1918) |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Second-largest Shia-majority country after Iran, though religious practice is largely secular in public life.
- The Heydar Mosque in Baku is the largest in the Caucasus; the Bibi-Heybat Mosque dates in origin to the 13th century.
- Hosted an OIC Islamic Culture Capital year (Baku 2009) and leads Islamic Solidarity Games events.
🇧🇭Bahrain بحرینManama · 1.2 M Muslims (74.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 1.6 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Bahraini dinar (BHD) |
| Schools of thought | Shia majority among citizens; Sunni (Maliki/Hanbali) ruling family and community |
| Independence | 1971 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Al-Fateh Grand Mosque in Manama holds up to 7,000 worshippers and houses a national library.
- The Al-Khamis Mosque is thought to date to the early Islamic period (possibly 7th–11th century).
🇧🇩Bangladesh بنگلہ دیشDhaka · 157.0 M Muslims (91.0%)OIC
| Region | South Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 173.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion); constitution also affirms secularism |
| Languages | Bengali |
| Currency | Bangladeshi taka (BDT) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1971 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Fourth-largest Muslim population in the world.
- Bishwa Ijtema near Dhaka is one of the largest annual gatherings of Muslims after Hajj.
- The Sixty Dome Mosque (Shat Gombuj Masjid) in Bagerhat, built in the 15th century, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
🇧🇯Benin بیننPorto-Novo (official); Cotonou (seat of government) · 3.9 M Muslims (28.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 14.1 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Fon, Yoruba |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1982; Muslims (approx. 25–28%) live mainly in the north and in Porto-Novo.
- The Grand Mosque of Porto-Novo, built in Afro-Brazilian style, is a unique landmark.
🇧🇦Bosnia and Herzegovina بوسنیا و ہرزیگوویناSarajevo · 1.6 M Muslims (51.0%)
| Region | Europe |
|---|---|
| Population | 3.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
| Currency | Convertible mark (BAM) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1992 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Bosniak Muslims form a slim majority (approx. 51% in the 2013 census); the country is an OIC observer, not a member.
- Sarajevo's Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (1530) is one of the finest Ottoman mosques in the Balkans; the Mostar bridge and old town are UNESCO sites.
- The Islamic Community of Bosnia, led by the Grand Mufti (Reis-ul-Ulema), has roots dating to 1882.
🇧🇳Brunei برونائیBandar Seri Begawan · 0.4 M Muslims (82.0%)OIC
| Region | Southeast Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Malay; English widely used |
| Currency | Brunei dollar (BND) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1984 |
| Weekend | Fri & Sun |
- An Islamic sultanate with one of the oldest continuous monarchies in the world (since the 14th century).
- The Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque, with its golden dome over a lagoon, is a national symbol.
🇧🇫Burkina Faso برکینا فاسوOuagadougou · 14.9 M Muslims (64.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 23.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Mooré, Dioula, Fula |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani influence |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The Grand Mosque of Bobo-Dioulasso (1890s) is a fine example of Sudano-Sahelian mud architecture.
- Islam arrived through Dioula traders along trans-Saharan routes.
🇨🇲Cameroon کیمرونYaoundé · 7.0 M Muslims (24.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 29.1 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French, English; Fulfulde in the north |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani influence |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1975; Muslims (approx. 20–30%) are concentrated in the northern regions and among the Fulani.
- The Adamawa Emirate and the lamidates of the north are historic Muslim polities.
🇹🇩Chad چاڈN'Djamena · 10.6 M Muslims (55.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 19.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Arabic, French |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani Sufi order |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The Kanem-Bornu Empire around Lake Chad adopted Islam in the 11th century and lasted for about a thousand years.
- Muslims form the majority in the north and east; Christians are concentrated in the south.
🇰🇲Comoros کوموروسMoroni · 0.9 M Muslims (98.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.9 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Comorian, Arabic, French |
| Currency | Comorian franc (KMF) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1975 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat (varies) |
- An Indian Ocean island nation on the historic Swahili–Arab trade routes; Islam arrived around the 10th century.
- The Old Friday Mosque (Ancienne Mosquée du Vendredi) in Moroni dates to 1427.
🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) آئیوری کوسٹYamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (economic) · 12.6 M Muslims (43.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 29.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Dioula, Baoulé |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 2001; Muslims are the largest single religious group (approx. 40–43%), concentrated in the north.
- The Sudano-Sahelian mosques of northern Côte d'Ivoire (Kong, Kaouara) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
🇩🇯Djibouti جبوتیDjibouti City · 1.1 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 1.1 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic, French; Somali, Afar |
| Currency | Djiboutian franc (DJF) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1977 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Islam reached the Afar and Somali peoples of this coast in the earliest centuries of Islam.
- The Abdulhamid II Mosque, opened in 2019, is the largest in the Horn of Africa.
🇪🇬Egypt مصرCairo · 101.0 M Muslims (90.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 112.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Egyptian pound (EGP) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Shafi'i, Hanafi and Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1922 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Largest Muslim population in the Arab world and in Africa.
- Al-Azhar in Cairo, founded in 970 CE, is one of the oldest universities in the world and a leading centre of Sunni scholarship.
- Imam al-Shafi'i, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Imam al-Suyuti lived and taught in Egypt; Egyptian Quran reciters are famous worldwide.
🇬🇦Gabon گیبونLibreville · 0.3 M Muslims (10.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 2.5 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Fang and other Bantu languages |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1974, joined after President Omar Bongo embraced Islam in 1973; Muslims are a small minority (approx. 10%).
- The Hassan II Mosque in Libreville, a gift from Morocco, is the main mosque of the capital.
🇬🇳Guinea گنیConakry · 12.6 M Muslims (89.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 14.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Fula, Malinke, Susu |
| Currency | Guinean franc (GNF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani and Qadiri Sufi orders |
| Independence | 1958 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The Fouta Djallon highlands were home to an 18th-century Islamic state and a tradition of Fula scholarship in Arabic and Pular.
- The Grand Mosque of Conakry is one of the largest in West Africa.
🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau گنی بساؤBissau · 1.0 M Muslims (46.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 2.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Portuguese; Crioulo widely spoken |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1973/1974 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1974; Muslims are the largest religious group (estimates range from approx. 45% to 50%), alongside Christians and followers of traditional beliefs.
- Islam is strongest among the Fula and Mandinka communities of the interior.
🇬🇾Guyana گیاناGeorgetown · 0.1 M Muslims (7.0%)OIC
| Region | Caribbean & South America |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.8 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | English; Guyanese Creole |
| Currency | Guyanese dollar (GYD) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1966 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1998; Muslims (approx. 7%) are mostly descendants of indentured workers from India.
- Eid al-Adha and the Prophet's birthday are public holidays; the Central Islamic Organisation of Guyana represents the community.
🇮🇩Indonesia انڈونیشیاJakarta (Nusantara under construction) · 244.0 M Muslims (87.0%)OIC
| Region | Southeast Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 281.0 million |
| Official religion | None (Pancasila; six recognised religions) |
| Languages | Indonesian |
| Currency | Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1945 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The largest Muslim population of any country in the world (approx. 240 million).
- Islam spread peacefully through trade and Sufi preachers; the Wali Songo (Nine Saints) are revered in Java.
- Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia.
- Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah are among the largest Islamic organisations in the world.
🇮🇷Iran ایرانTehran · 88.0 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 89.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (Twelver Shia; state religion) |
| Languages | Persian (Farsi) |
| Currency | Iranian rial (IRR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Twelver Shia (approx. 90%); Sunni minority (Shafi'i/Hanafi) |
| Independence | Historic state; Islamic Republic since 1979 |
| Weekend | Fri (Thu half day) |
- The largest Shia-majority country in the world.
- Persian scholars shaped Islamic civilisation: al-Ghazali, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), al-Razi, al-Biruni and the poets Rumi, Hafiz and Saadi.
- The Shah Mosque in Isfahan and the shrine of Imam Reza in Mashhad are renowned architectural sites.
🇮🇶Iraq عراقBaghdad · 44.1 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 45.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic, Kurdish |
| Currency | Iraqi dinar (IQD) |
| Schools of thought | Shia majority (approx. 60–65%); Sunni (Hanafi/Shafi'i) approx. 35% |
| Independence | 1932 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and home of the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom).
- Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal lived and are buried in Baghdad; Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's shrine is also there.
- Kufa and Basra were early centres of Arabic grammar, hadith and fiqh; Najaf and Karbala are major Shia centres.
🇯🇴Jordan اردنAmman · 11.2 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 11.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Jordanian dinar (JOD) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Shafi'i and Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1946 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Many Companions of the Prophet are buried in Jordan, including Zayd ibn Harithah, Ja'far ibn Abi Talib and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.
- The Battle of Mu'tah (629 CE) took place near Karak.
- The Hashemite royal family traces its descent from the Prophet's family.
🇰🇿Kazakhstan قازقستانAstana · 14.2 M Muslims (70.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 20.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Kazakh, Russian |
| Currency | Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1991 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Turkistan, a Sufi master of the 12th century, is a UNESCO site and pilgrimage centre.
- The Astana Grand Mosque, opened 2022, is the largest mosque in Central Asia.
🇽🇰Kosovo کوسووPristina · 1.6 M Muslims (94.0%)
| Region | Europe |
|---|---|
| Population | 1.7 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Albanian, Serbian |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni); Sufi tekkes (Bektashi, Halveti, Rifai) |
| Independence | Declared 2008 (recognised by many but not all states) |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Highest Muslim percentage of any European country; not an OIC member (observer-level contacts only), as its statehood is not universally recognised.
- Ottoman-era mosques such as the Imperial (Fatih) Mosque in Pristina (1461) and the Sinan Pasha Mosque in Prizren remain in use.
🇰🇼Kuwait کویتKuwait City · 3.6 M Muslims (74.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 4.9 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Kuwaiti dinar (KWD) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Maliki/Hanbali (Sunni); Shia approx. 30% of citizens |
| Independence | 1961 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- The Grand Mosque of Kuwait is the largest in the country, with a main hall for about 10,000 worshippers.
- Kuwait is known for large charitable foundations and zakat organisations active across the Muslim world.
🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan کرغزستانBishkek · 6.5 M Muslims (90.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 7.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Kyrgyz, Russian |
| Currency | Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1991 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Sulaiman-Too (Sulayman Mountain) in Osh is a UNESCO site and a traditional place of pilgrimage.
- The Central Mosque of Bishkek, completed 2018 with Turkish support, is the largest in the country.
🇱🇧Lebanon لبنانBeirut · 3.7 M Muslims (68.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 5.4 million |
| Official religion | None (confessional power-sharing system) |
| Languages | Arabic; French and English widely used |
| Currency | Lebanese pound (LBP) |
| Schools of thought | Roughly equal Sunni (Shafi'i/Hanafi) and Shia; Druze minority |
| Independence | 1943 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- By convention the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim and the speaker of parliament a Shia Muslim.
- The Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque in central Beirut, completed in 2008, is the largest in the country.
- Tripoli's Mamluk-era mosques and madrasas are among the finest in the Levant.
🇱🇾Libya لیبیاTripoli · 7.1 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 7.3 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Libyan dinar (LYD) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1951 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- The Sanusi movement of the 19th century established zawiyas (lodges) across the Sahara for teaching Islam.
- Omar al-Mukhtar, a Quran teacher turned resistance leader, is a national hero.
🇲🇾Malaysia ملائیشیاKuala Lumpur (Putrajaya is the administrative centre) · 21.8 M Muslims (63.5%)OIC
| Region | Southeast Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 34.3 million |
| Official religion | Islam (religion of the Federation) |
| Languages | Malay; English, Chinese and Tamil widely spoken |
| Currency | Malaysian ringgit (MYR) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1957 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun (Fri–Sat in some states) |
- A global centre of Islamic finance and halal certification.
- Masjid Negara (National Mosque) in Kuala Lumpur and the Crystal Mosque in Terengganu are iconic modern mosques.
- Malacca was a 15th-century sultanate that spread Islam across the Malay world.
🇲🇻Maldives مالدیپMalé · 0.5 M Muslims (100.0%)OIC
| Region | South Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion; citizens must be Muslim) |
| Languages | Dhivehi |
| Currency | Maldivian rufiyaa (MVR) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1965 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- The country converted to Islam in 1153 CE; the Old Friday Mosque in Malé is built of carved coral stone.
- The constitution requires every citizen to be a Muslim, making it one of the few 100% Muslim countries.
🇲🇱Mali مالیBamako · 22.1 M Muslims (95.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 23.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Bambara and national languages; French official working language |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani and Qadiri Sufi orders |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Timbuktu was a world-famous centre of Islamic scholarship with the Sankore, Djinguereber and Sidi Yahya mosques and hundreds of thousands of manuscripts.
- Mansa Musa, ruler of the Mali Empire, made a legendary Hajj in 1324.
- The Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest mud-brick building in the world.
🇲🇷Mauritania موریطانیہNouakchott · 5.0 M Muslims (99.9%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 5.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (Islamic republic) |
| Languages | Arabic; French widely used |
| Currency | Mauritanian ouguiya (MRU) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Chinguetti was a historic caravan city and centre of learning, with ancient Quran manuscript libraries.
- Famous for its traditional mahdara schools where students memorise the Quran and classical texts.
🇲🇦Morocco مراکشRabat · 37.4 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 37.8 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion); king is 'Commander of the Faithful' |
| Languages | Arabic, Tamazight; French widely used |
| Currency | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni), Ash'ari theology, Junaidi Sufism |
| Independence | 1956 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, founded by Fatima al-Fihri in 859 CE, is recognised as the oldest continuously operating university in the world.
- The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca stands partly over the Atlantic Ocean with a 210 m minaret.
- Famous for the Warsh reading of the Quran and for Ibn Battuta, the traveller from Tangier.
🇲🇿Mozambique موزمبیقMaputo · 6.5 M Muslims (19.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 34.0 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Portuguese; Makhuwa, Swahili in the north |
| Currency | Mozambican metical (MZN) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1975 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1994; Muslims (approx. 18–20%) live mainly along the northern coast.
- The country's name comes from Mussa Bin Bique, a Muslim ruler of Mozambique Island, part of the historic Swahili coast.
🇳🇪Niger نائیجرNiamey · 26.9 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 27.2 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Hausa, Zarma |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani Sufi influence |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Agadez, with its 16th-century mud-brick Grand Mosque, was a Saharan trade and learning hub.
- One of the most Muslim countries in Africa by percentage.
🇳🇬Nigeria نائجیریاAbuja · 120.0 M Muslims (53.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 227.0 million |
| Official religion | None (secular federation; sharia courts in northern states) |
| Languages | English; Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo |
| Currency | Nigerian naira (NGN) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani and Qadiri Sufi orders, Izala movement |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Largest Muslim population in Africa by some estimates (approx. 110–120 million); figures vary and Muslims and Christians are roughly equal in number.
- The Sokoto Caliphate founded by Shaykh Usman dan Fodio in 1804 was one of the largest states in Africa.
- Kano has been a centre of Islamic scholarship and trade since the 14th century; the Abuja National Mosque is a national landmark.
🇴🇲Oman عمانMuscat · 4.5 M Muslims (86.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 5.2 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Omani rial (OMR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Ibadi; Sunni and Shia minorities |
| Independence | 1650 (Portuguese expelled); independent sultanate |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- The only country where the Ibadi school forms the majority.
- Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Muscat has one of the largest hand-woven prayer carpets in the world.
- Oman accepted Islam during the Prophet's lifetime through a letter delivered by Amr ibn al-As.
🇵🇰Pakistan پاکستانIslamabad · 233.0 M Muslims (96.5%)OIC
| Region | South Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 241.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Urdu, English; Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi |
| Currency | Pakistani rupee (PKR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanafi (Sunni), Shia minority |
| Independence | 1947 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Second-largest Muslim population in the world and the only Muslim-majority country founded explicitly in the name of Islam.
- Home to the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, one of the largest mosques in the world, and the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore (1673).
- Famous scholars and poets include Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Shah Waliullah's successors and the Sufi poets Baba Farid, Bulleh Shah and Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.
🇵🇸Palestine فلسطینJerusalem (claimed); Ramallah (administrative) · 5.1 M Muslims (93.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 5.5 million |
| Official religion | Islam (per Basic Law) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Israeli shekel, Jordanian dinar (used) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Shafi'i and Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | Declared 1988 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem form the third-holiest site in Islam and the first qiblah.
- The Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron (Al-Khalil) is revered as the resting place of Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
- The OIC was founded in 1969 in response to an arson attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque.
🇶🇦Qatar قطرDoha · 2.0 M Muslims (66.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 3.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic; English widely used |
| Currency | Qatari riyal (QAR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanbali (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1971 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque (Qatar State Mosque) in Doha is the country's largest.
- The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha holds one of the world's finest collections of Islamic artefacts.
- Hosted the first FIFA World Cup in a Muslim-majority country in 2022.
🇸🇦Saudi Arabia سعودی عربRiyadh · 30.7 M Muslims (93.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 33.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Saudi riyal (SAR) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanbali (Sunni); Shia minority in Eastern Province |
| Independence | 1932 (unification) |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Home of Makkah and Madinah, the two holiest cities of Islam, and birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
- Masjid al-Haram in Makkah is the largest mosque in the world; millions perform Hajj and Umrah each year.
- The OIC General Secretariat is based in Jeddah.
🇸🇳Senegal سینیگالDakar · 17.7 M Muslims (96.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 18.4 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Wolof widely spoken |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Mouride, Tijani and Qadiri Sufi orders |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Touba, founded by Shaykh Amadou Bamba, hosts the Grand Magal pilgrimage attended by millions each year.
- The Massalikul Jinaan Mosque in Dakar, opened 2019, is one of the largest in West Africa.
- Known for peaceful coexistence between its Muslim majority and Christian minority.
🇸🇱Sierra Leone سیرا لیونFreetown · 6.8 M Muslims (77.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 8.8 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | English; Krio widely spoken |
| Currency | Sierra Leonean leone (SLE) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1961 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Known for religious harmony; Muslims and Christians often share family and public celebrations.
- OIC member since 1972; Fourah Bay was an early centre of Muslim education in Freetown.
🇸🇴Somalia صومالیہMogadishu · 18.7 M Muslims (99.8%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 18.7 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Somali, Arabic |
| Currency | Somali shilling (SOS) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni); Qadiri and other Sufi orders |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat (Thu–Fri in some regions) |
- One of the earliest places outside Arabia to receive Islam; Zeila was a historic port of early Muslim settlement.
- The Mosque of the Two Qiblas in Zeila is said to date to the 7th century; Fakr ad-Din Mosque in Mogadishu dates to 1269.
🇸🇩Sudan سوڈانKhartoum · 44.6 M Muslims (91.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 49.0 million |
| Official religion | None since 2020 (previously Islam) |
| Languages | Arabic, English |
| Currency | Sudanese pound (SDG) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); strong Sufi tradition (Qadiri, Tijani, Khatmiyya) |
| Independence | 1956 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- Sudan has a deep Sufi tradition; Omdurman is known for its Friday dhikr gatherings.
- Quran memorisation (khalwa) schools are widespread, and Sudanese reciters are respected across Africa.
🇸🇷Suriname سورینامParamaribo · 0.1 M Muslims (14.0%)OIC
| Region | Caribbean & South America |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.6 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Dutch; Sranan Tongo, Hindustani, Javanese |
| Currency | Surinamese dollar (SRD) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi and Shafi'i (Sunni); Ahmadiyya community also present |
| Independence | 1975 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1996; it has the highest Muslim percentage in the Americas (approx. 14%), with communities of Javanese and Indian origin.
- In Paramaribo the Keizerstraat Mosque stands directly beside the Neveh Shalom Synagogue, a symbol of coexistence.
🇸🇾Syria شامDamascus · 20.4 M Muslims (87.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 23.5 million |
| Official religion | None (president must be Muslim; Islamic jurisprudence a main source of law) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Syrian pound (SYP) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanafi and Shafi'i (Sunni); Alawite, Druze and Christian minorities |
| Independence | 1946 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- OIC member; its membership has been suspended since 2012.
- The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (completed 715 CE) is one of the oldest and most important mosques in the world.
- Damascus was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate; scholars such as Imam al-Nawawi and Ibn Taymiyyah lived here.
🇹🇯Tajikistan تاجکستانDushanbe · 10.0 M Muslims (97.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 10.3 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution; Hanafi school officially recognised) |
| Languages | Tajik (Persian); Russian used |
| Currency | Tajikistani somoni (TJS) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni); Ismaili Shia in Gorno-Badakhshan |
| Independence | 1991 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Tajikistan declared 2009 the Year of Imam Abu Hanifa, whose family came from the region.
- The Dushanbe Grand Mosque, opened 2024, is one of the largest in Central Asia.
🇬🇲The Gambia گیمبیاBanjul · 2.7 M Muslims (96.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 2.8 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | English; Mandinka, Wolof, Fula |
| Currency | Gambian dalasi (GMD) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni); Tijani influence |
| Independence | 1965 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The smallest country on mainland Africa, almost entirely Muslim.
- Hosted the OIC Summit in Banjul in 2024.
🇹🇬Togo ٹوگوLomé · 1.7 M Muslims (19.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 9.1 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | French; Ewe, Kabye |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1960 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1997 although Muslims are a minority (approx. 15–20%), mostly in the north and centre.
- Sokodé is the country's main Muslim city with a historic Grand Mosque.
🇹🇳Tunisia تیونسTunis · 12.1 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 12.3 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic; French widely used |
| Currency | Tunisian dinar (TND) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1956 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- The Great Mosque of Kairouan (founded 670 CE by Uqba ibn Nafi) is the oldest mosque in North Africa.
- Al-Zaytuna Mosque and University in Tunis was a major centre of learning; Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis in 1332.
🇹🇲Turkmenistan ترکمانستانAshgabat · 6.9 M Muslims (93.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 7.4 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Turkmen; Russian used |
| Currency | Turkmenistani manat (TMT) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1991 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Merv was one of the great cities of the medieval Islamic world and a Seljuk capital.
- The Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque at Gypjak is the largest mosque in Central Asia by area.
🇹🇷Türkiye (Turkey) ترکیہ (ترکی)Ankara · 84.0 M Muslims (98.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 85.7 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Turkish |
| Currency | Turkish lira (TRY) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Hanafi (Sunni); Alevi minority |
| Independence | 1923 (Republic) |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Caliphate for over 450 years; the Sultan Ahmed (Blue) Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque are world famous.
- Mimar Sinan, the great Ottoman architect, designed hundreds of mosques across the empire.
- Konya holds the tomb of Jalaluddin Rumi; Imam al-Maturidi's theology is widely followed.
🇺🇬Uganda یوگنڈاKampala · 6.8 M Muslims (14.0%)OIC
| Region | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 48.6 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | English, Swahili; Luganda |
| Currency | Ugandan shilling (UGX) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1962 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- OIC member since 1974; Muslims are approx. 14% of the population.
- The Uganda National Mosque (Gaddafi Mosque) in Kampala is one of the largest in East Africa; the Islamic University in Uganda is an OIC-sponsored institution.
🇦🇪United Arab Emirates متحدہ عرب اماراتAbu Dhabi · 7.5 M Muslims (74.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 10.2 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic; English widely used |
| Currency | UAE dirham (AED) |
| Schools of thought | Mostly Maliki and Hanbali (Sunni); large expatriate communities of all schools |
| Independence | 1971 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun (half day Friday) |
- Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi can hold more than 40,000 worshippers.
- Citizens are a minority; most residents are expatriates from South Asia, the Arab world and beyond.
- Dubai hosts large international Quran recitation competitions each Ramadan.
🇺🇿Uzbekistan ازبکستانTashkent · 35.3 M Muslims (96.0%)OIC
| Region | Central Asia |
|---|---|
| Population | 36.8 million |
| Official religion | None (secular constitution) |
| Languages | Uzbek; Russian widely used |
| Currency | Uzbekistani som (UZS) |
| Schools of thought | Hanafi (Sunni) |
| Independence | 1991 |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- Birthplace of Imam al-Bukhari (Bukhara), Imam al-Tirmidhi (Termez), Imam al-Maturidi (Samarkand), al-Khwarizmi and Ibn Sina (Bukhara).
- Samarkand's Registan and Bukhara's old city are among the greatest ensembles of Islamic architecture.
- Tashkent holds one of the oldest Quran manuscripts, the Uthman (Samarkand) Quran.
🇪🇭Western Sahara (Sahrawi Republic) مغربی صحارا (صحراوی جمہوریہ)Laayoune (largest city); Tifariti (SADR) · 0.6 M Muslims (99.0%)
| Region | North Africa |
|---|---|
| Population | 0.6 million |
| Official religion | Islam |
| Languages | Arabic (Hassaniya), Spanish |
| Currency | Moroccan dirham, Algerian dinar (used) |
| Schools of thought | Maliki (Sunni) |
| Independence | Disputed territory (SADR declared 1976) |
| Weekend | Sat–Sun |
- A non-self-governing territory whose status is disputed between Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; listed here neutrally because its population is almost entirely Muslim.
- The Sahrawi people speak Hassaniya Arabic and follow the Maliki school, like neighbouring Mauritania.
🇾🇪Yemen یمنSana'a (Aden is the seat of the internationally recognised government) · 34.6 M Muslims (99.0%)OIC
| Region | Middle East |
|---|---|
| Population | 35.0 million |
| Official religion | Islam (state religion) |
| Languages | Arabic |
| Currency | Yemeni rial (YER) |
| Schools of thought | Shafi'i (Sunni) majority; Zaydi Shia approx. 35–40% |
| Independence | 1918 (North); 1967 (South); unified 1990 |
| Weekend | Fri–Sat |
- The Great Mosque of Sana'a is said to have been built on the Prophet's instructions in the 7th century.
- Yemenis were among the earliest converts; the Prophet (peace be upon him) praised the faith and wisdom of the people of Yemen.
- Historic Islamic scholarship in Zabid and the Hadhramaut region, whose scholars spread Islam to Southeast Asia and East Africa.
Large Muslim populations elsewhere
- 🇮🇳 India – 210.0 M Muslims (14.5%). Approx. 200–215 million Muslims — the largest Muslim minority and third-largest Muslim population in the world. Centres include Delhi (Jama Masjid), Hyderabad, Lucknow, Deoband and Ajmer.
- 🇪🇹 Ethiopia – 42.0 M Muslims (33.0%). Approx. 33–35% Muslim. Land of the first Hijrah (Abyssinia, 615 CE) under the Negus; Harar is a historic walled Islamic city with ancient mosques.
- 🇨🇳 China – 25.0 M Muslims (1.8%). Approx. 20–30 million Muslims, mainly Hui and Uyghur. Islam arrived in the 7th century; the Great Mosque of Xi'an (742 CE) blends Chinese and Islamic design.
- 🇷🇺 Russia – 20.0 M Muslims (14.0%). Approx. 15–25 million Muslims, the largest Muslim population in Europe; concentrated in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Dagestan and Chechnya. The Qolşärif Mosque in Kazan and the Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque in Grozny are major landmarks.
- 🇹🇿 Tanzania – 23.0 M Muslims (35.0%). Approx. 35% Muslim overall (estimates vary); Zanzibar is over 99% Muslim and part of the historic Swahili coast. Kilwa Kisiwani's ruined Great Mosque dates to the 11th–14th centuries.
- 🇵🇭 Philippines – 7.0 M Muslims (6.0%). Approx. 6–7 million Muslims (Moro peoples), mainly in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago, now largely within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao date to the 15th century.
- 🇰🇪 Kenya – 6.0 M Muslims (11.0%). Approx. 11% Muslim, concentrated on the coast (Mombasa, Lamu) and in the north-east. Lamu Old Town is a UNESCO Swahili heritage site hosting the annual Maulidi festival.
- 🇺🇸 United States – 4.5 M Muslims (1.3%). Approx. 3.5–4.5 million Muslims of very diverse origins; the Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, Michigan is among the largest mosques in North America.
- 🇫🇷 France – 5.5 M Muslims (8.5%). Approx. 5–6 million Muslims, the largest in Western Europe, mostly of North and West African origin. The Grand Mosque of Paris was opened in 1926.
- 🇩🇪 Germany – 5.5 M Muslims (6.5%). Approx. 5–6 million Muslims, many of Turkish, Arab and Balkan background. The Cologne Central Mosque (2018) is one of Europe's largest.
- 🇬🇧 United Kingdom – 4.0 M Muslims (6.0%). Approx. 3.9 million Muslims in England and Wales (2021 census, 6.5%), largely of South Asian origin; large communities in London, Birmingham, Bradford and Manchester.
- 🇲🇲 Myanmar – 2.3 M Muslims (4.3%). Approx. 4% Muslim, including the Rohingya of Rakhine State, many of whom now live as refugees in Bangladesh.
- 🇹🇭 Thailand – 3.5 M Muslims (5.0%). Approx. 5% Muslim, concentrated in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat where Malay Muslims are the majority.
- 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka – 2.1 M Muslims (9.7%). Approx. 10% Muslim (Sri Lankan Moors and Malays); Arab traders settled here from the 8th century.
- 🇳🇵 Nepal – 1.5 M Muslims (5.1%). Approx. 5% Muslim, mostly in the Terai lowlands bordering India.
- 🇬🇭 Ghana – 6.5 M Muslims (20.0%). Approx. 20% Muslim, concentrated in the north and in zongo communities of the cities. The Larabanga Mosque is one of West Africa's oldest.
- 🇨🇩 DR Congo – 5.0 M Muslims (5.0%). Approx. 5% Muslim (estimates vary from 1% to 10%), mainly in the east and in Kinshasa.
- 🇪🇷 Eritrea – 1.7 M Muslims (45.0%). Roughly half Muslim and half Christian (estimates range from approx. 37% to 50% Muslim); Massawa was a key port in early Islamic history.
- 🇮🇱 Israel – 1.8 M Muslims (18.0%). Approx. 18% Muslim, mostly Arab citizens; the Al-Jazzar Mosque in Acre and the White Mosque of Nazareth are notable.
- 🇲🇰 North Macedonia – 0.6 M Muslims (32.0%). Approx. 32% Muslim, mainly ethnic Albanians and Turks; Skopje's Old Bazaar has several Ottoman mosques.
- 🇲🇪 Montenegro – 0.1 M Muslims (19.0%). Approx. 19% Muslim (Bosniaks and Albanians), mostly in the north and around Ulcinj.
- 🇧🇬 Bulgaria – 0.6 M Muslims (10.0%). Approx. 10% Muslim (Turks and Pomaks), the largest native Muslim community in the EU by share; the Banya Bashi Mosque in Sofia dates to 1576.
- 🇨🇾 Cyprus – 0.3 M Muslims (25.0%). Approx. 22–25% Muslim (Turkish Cypriots, mainly in the north). Hala Sultan Tekke near Larnaca, the resting place of Umm Haram, a Companion of the Prophet, is an important shrine.
- 🇲🇺 Mauritius – 0.2 M Muslims (17.0%). Approx. 17% Muslim, mostly of Indian origin; the Jummah Mosque in Port Louis dates to the 1850s.
- 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago – 0.1 M Muslims (5.0%). Approx. 5% Muslim, mostly of Indian descent; Eid al-Fitr is a national public holiday.
- 🇾🇹 Mayotte (France) – 0.3 M Muslims (97.0%). A French overseas department in the Comoro Islands with an approx. 97% Muslim population; not an independent country, so listed here rather than in the main list.
Figures are estimates. Sources: Pew Research Center — The Future of the Global Muslim Population; Religious Composition by Country (2010–2050 projections); Organisation of Islamic Cooperation — Member States list (oic-oci.org); CIA World Factbook — Religions and Population fields (2023–2024 editions); World Population Review — Muslim Population by Country (2024); United Nations, World Population Prospects 2024; National censuses and statistics offices (e.g. Pakistan 2023, Bangladesh 2022, Bosnia 2013, UK 2021, India 2011 projections); Figures are approximate estimates; percentages and totals are rounded and may differ between sources.